Indian Claims Commission was established in 1946 by Congress to address cases brought by Native American tribes against the United States Government. Tribes filed claims against the US government for financial compensation for losses due to broken or infringed federal treaties.

Before the creation of the commission, Native American claims were filed with Congress, the Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs or the President of the United States. The creation of the Indian Claims Commission sought to create one body that could hear and decide all Native American claims.

The commission heard cases until 1978 when it was dissolved, and remaining cases were transferred to the United States Court of Claims. The commission's legacy maintains that it heard a total of 546 claims and awarded approximately $818,172,606.64.